Indonesian has 5 vowels and consonants. Some of these consonants, namely [ ɳ, ʃ and ŋ ] are graphemically consist of two letters, they are ng, ny, sy and kh. In addition, some of the vowels have variations of sound or allophones, for example, the vowel “e” can be pronounced as [ə, ɛ and e]. Indonesian also has three diphthongs, namely ai [ay], oi [oy], and au [aw]. The pronunciation of the Indonesian sounds is explained below through comparison with English.
1. a is pronounced similar to the English a in rather.
2. b is pronounced similar to the English b in big.
3. c is pronounced similar to the English ch in church but it is not aspirated.
4. d is pronounced similar to the English d in daddy.
5. e is pronounced similar to the English e in [ɛ] in rest.
6. f is pronounced similar to the English f in father.
7. g is pronounced similar to the English g in good.
8. h is pronounced similar to the English h in hall.
9. generally i in open syllable is pronounced similar to the English ee in three.
In a closed final syllable, i is pronounced similar to the English [i] in sit.
10. j is pronounced similar to the English j in July.
11. k is pronounced similar to the English k in kite.
But at the end of word, k is also pronounced as a glottal stop. For example: bapak
12. L is pronounced similar to the English l in long.
13. m is pronounced similar to the English m in man.
14. n is pronounced similar to the English n in next.
15. o is usually pronounced to the English o [o] in go.
However, in certain cases the sound is pronounced similar to the English a in [o] ball.
16. p is pronounced similar to the English p in stop.
17. q is pronounced similar to the English q in quality.
18. r is pronounced similar to the English r in read.
19. s is pronounced similar to the English s in soft.
20. t is pronounced similar to the English t in put.
21. u is pronounced similar to the English oo in pool.
But in a closed final syllable it is sometimes pronounced similar to the English o [ʊ] in pull.
22. v is pronounced similar to the English f in finish.
23. w is pronounced similar to the English w in why.
24. x is pronounced similar to the English x in xylophone.
25. y is pronounced similar to the English y in year.
26. z is pronounced similar to the English z in zero.
27. ng is pronounced similar to the English ng [ŋ] in long.
28. ny is pronounced similar to the English n [ɳ] in new.
29. kh is pronounced as [x]. for example: khawatir [xawatir].
30. sy is pronounced similar to the English sh [ʃ] in shoot.
31. ai is pronounced as a diphthong similar to the English diphthong similar to the English y [ay ] in my In between two consonants, ai is not a diphthong but is two separate sounds. For example: lain.
32. au is pronounced as a diphthong similar to the English ow [aw] in cow.
In a closed syllable and some other words, au is two separate short sounds. For example: laut.
33. oi is pronounced as a diphthong similar to the English oy in boy.
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Good job, this material suitable for those will learn speaking. Because in this section was explained about how to pronoun alphabet as the basic key to speak fluenlty.
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